NEWA BHASA JYA JHO

2012-01-12T23:00:00.000+05:30

Beauty lies in eye of beholder, the saying goes and is true also.What if the beauty we see has
dark cirlces under the eye. The common problem for most of us and ouccuring to most of the age
persons too.How dark circles appear and what are the remedy for it are the most sought after
questions by all?

Mainly we think that too much TV and PC causes it and lack of sleep too. Well mostly it is true also.
But there are other things to look for also for dark circle appearing heredity, water retention,
toxin build up,a change in weather, hormones, allergic reactions, as well as health issues or complications
from medications.dark circles

So what are the remedy and treatment for dark circles then? In the market, there are a variety of over the counter products like gels,
eye roll ons and cream for dark circles that claim to remove dark circles within days. However, these are expensive and may contain harmfull chemicals,
in addition even some very luxurious products
are known to relieve the condition temporarily. There are many home remedy and over the counter
drugs also. But here we are mainly focusing on Home remedy because it has less side effects. Let's say no at all.
And its availabel easily too.having cucumber slices place on your eye also helps in reducing the dark circles.
makes your eye cool and soothing too.Sleeping on a slight incline with an extra pillow to reduce morning under eye puffiness.
Having a used tea bags soaked in cold icy water and placing it on the eye also helps in reducing the dark circles.
Soak Rose water in cotton balls and place it on the area afected by dark circles. Rose water has
the ability to remoce toxins that obstruct normal blood circulation.

2011-12-26T09:33:00.000+05:30

Peer to peer network is generally linking two or more than two computers to share files and multimedia.A network of computers configured to allow certain files and folders to be shared with everyone or with selected users.Using the Internet as the world's largest file sharing network.First there was Napster which created a Buzz in the online world.Napster was the first online peer to peer software which was used to download and share music files and videos. Users upload copyrighted songs to a central server, a group of servers or to selected user computers, and people download the files that are available. Almost every song ever recorded has been uploaded to some music sharing venue.By linking and sharing in peer peer to network, the download time becomes not clogged and fast and many can share the same file in fast and quickly.

Now a days there are many Peer to peer software which are legal and illegal too.Once users download or make use of a file using a file-sharing network, their computer also becomes a part of that network, allowing other users to download files from the user's computer. File sharing is generally illegal, with the exception of sharing material that is not copyrighted or proprietary.We have to install a good Antivirus software coz sometimes spywares and other unwanted harmful files can be also downloaded so have to be careful on that.
Download Frostwire free.

Newari Food Items

2011-07-09T21:09:00.002+05:30

Samay baji

2011-07-09T21:07:00.000+05:30

Nepalese foods and traditions are unique because Nepal was closed to the outside world for centuries. Due to this, the Nepalese food had a minimum influence by foreign ingredients. Only after 1950 A.D, Nepal opened its borders for the outside world and thus, the Nepalese food got influenced by the Indian, Tibetan and Chinese cooking traditions.

Thankfully, the indigenous Newars of Kathmandu valley have preserved their authentic cuisines that have been left uninfluenced. One such cuisine is the Samay Baji which is a set of dishes representing the five elements (Space, Earth, Water, Fire and Metal) and labeled as the pure food of the gods. It is served with Aila or Thwon, the common liquors that Newars make at home. What makes this traditional dish so popular is the range of varieties on offer.

This particular cuisine reminds of an old Newari song that goes, ‘Laa Chaku Wayka Samay Baji, Walla Walla PuluKishi’, which literally means, serve us Samay Baji with a piece of meat as here comes the white elephant. This song has been passed on from generations to generations and is specially sung through the streets during the Newari festival of Indra Jatra in old Kathmandu . As they labor hard to pull the chariot of the god, these words are sung in anticipation of the feasting that will take place after to mark the end of the festival.
The Newars are cultural standouts when it comes to feasting. Diversity is their hallmark and feasting is their passion. Their food cultures are rich and varied, though the rest of the world have yet to taste it. As the feast concludes, the Newars get back to their hearths with heavy hearts – the sight and sounds of the celebration still imposed in their minds, for they wish that the night would last forever. A stomach filled with Samay Baji and the mind filled with Aila, the tired citizens of this ancient city drift away into a peaceful slumber in the full moon night, dreaming of gods and heaven, still singing and dancing cuisines in Nepal.

2011-07-05T02:13:00.001+05:30

2011-06-30T22:59:00.002+05:30

Bahra (Girls)

2011-06-30T22:52:00.001+05:30

After the ihi or the bael byah, next come the Bahra, a traditional rituals confinement of a girl before the onset of menstruation. This ritual is done when a girl enters her youth. A girl after having undergone ihi is kept separated from all makes and from sunlight for 12 days. She has to stay in a dark room. On the 12th day the girl is purified and the function ends with a Bhoj (traditional newari meal where all family members are present).

These rituals are of two types, Bahra tyagu and Bahra chauneygu. The first ritual is performed before the start of menses. This is done between the age of five and 13. More then one girl can follow the ritual but in case of Bahra Chauneygu, only one girl has to undergo.

In both occasion a cave of cloths, Bahra Khayak is made and worshiped. It is believed that the girl is under the evil possession. A separate meal for the khayak is taken out from the meal of the caved girl. Salt is not used in any of the meal and the girl is entertained with folk songs and dance performed by her friends. For all the 12 days thakali naki, worships the Khyak and will do all the girl work. She is the medium between the girl and her family.

Till the 11 days the family members are considered impure but the married sisters cannot be counted. On the 6th day, particular kerosene oil is provided by the paju (Mama) that is put on the face by the women in the family and finally putting it on the hair of the girl just ending the consumption of salts.

It is only after the 11 days the girl is considered as pure and holy. It is known as Nishi Yayagu. Then the girl pays homage to the sun god. She will be bathed and will be blind folded. She is then taken to the open space to have a Surya Darshan. During these rituals, thakali naki performs the major role. She first worships the Ganesha and sun god. Fistful wheat seed and rice is given to the girl that she throws backward. This is done for three times. Sindoor is put on the forehead of the girl and new dress is presented. The girl now can wear a sari, she is considered as women. In respect to the seniority everyone bless the girl with a tika, made of pitho and oil. The girl is then given Sagun (newari prasad), first to the ancestral deity, then to other family members.

Each family member now considers that the girl is not mere child but has now become an adolescent. Her introduction to menstruation is expected and after the bhoj the rituals end.

Rituals Ihi (Girls)

2011-06-30T22:09:00.002+05:30

The most peculiar ritual followed among newar girl is ihi (also ehee). Also known as bael byah, it is a symbolic marriage with a bael (Aegle mermalous) fruit. This ritual is done among the girl between the ages of four to eleven before reaching the period of puberty, where they are married to lord Shiva that the fruit is kept in his place. Newar community has invaded outside Nepal where the traditions are somewhat lost but still it is found in every newar house that the Bael byah have been made. This customary marriage is thought to be the most holy rituals in this noble clan. With this marriage to the immortal lord the newar girl will not follow widowhood when their husband passes away. It is believed that even remarriage can be done.

2008-11-12T09:41:00.010+05:30

नेपाली संगीत साधन

Dhimay is one of the most precious Newari cultural musical instruments. It is played in special ceremonies and festivals, like Indrajatra, Dashain, Tihar, Holi, etc. It is an ancient musical instrument which was played by famous Hindu gods like Mahadev, Bhairav, Harati Mata, Naasha Dyo, etc.

It is said that gods play Dhimay whenever they are happy. It was especially played by Mahadev. Dhimay are made of steel and animal skin. Dhimay are often made of wood and animal skin. There is a belt attached to Dhimay that is kept around the right arm of the player.Only Newari people are trained to paly Dhimay, especially Jyapu (farmer where “Jya” means work and “apu” means easy) group are trained to play Dhimay. Mainly Dhimay is practiced in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur. These days, Dhimay is especially trained to the children who are of 11 to 12 years of age to the different parts of the city. Not only boys but girls are also encouraged to play it in this modern world. In the old ages, girls weren’t allowed to play it.
There are basically two types of Dhimay:

Thulo or Big Dhimay
Sano or Small Dhimay

Thulo Dhimay is big and heavy, which is played very slowly. It is played in special festivals and ceremonies whereas Sano Dhimay is small and may be light or heavy. The Sano Dhimay is usually played in very fast beat. It is played in special Jatras (festivals) like Indrajatra, Ghodejatra, Bisketjatra, etc.

Since it is the instrument of the Newars it is trained in Nepal Bhasa language only and the beats and sounds are pronounced as Nepal Bhasa too. Dhimay training is usually of one year’s duration. The instrument Dhimay really has been one of the precious trademarks of the Newars.

2008-11-11T22:55:00.009+05:30

हस्तकला र थांकाहरू

2008-11-11T10:37:00.001+05:30

A Taste of Nepal

What’s visiting Nepal if you don’t try some local food? So go out and titillate your tongue. Here’s a typical menu and have a delicious time.

Dal-Bhat-Tarkari - this is the main staple of Nepali people all over the country

appetizers/snacks

Chatanmari - Rice flour pizza with meat or egg topping or plain. A just reward after a hard day’s sight-seeing.

Chhoyla - Roasted meat diced and spiced, a versatile snack. Chomp it with flattened rice and wash everything down with homemade liquor.

Gundruk-ko Jhol - A soup of dried and fermented green vegetables. Slightly sour, slightly tangy, it’ll have you smacking your lips.

Kwati - Soup of different sprouted beans. A festival specialty and great way to begin dinner.

Momo-cha - Dumplings filled with minced meat, served steamed or fried. Terrifically popular appetizer, afternoon snack or evening meal. Do you know how to make Momo-cha? Learn more...

Samay Baji - A ritual dish consisting of flattened rice, roasted meat, smoked fish, boiled egg, black soybeans and diced ginger.

Sekuwa - Barbecued meat. Mutton, duck, chicken, buff, wild boar - take your pick. Goes famously with drinks.

Sukuti - Hot and spicy concoction of dried meat roasted over a charcoal fire. Something to munch on between sips.

Tama-ko Jhol - Hot and sour soup of bamboo shoots.

Tawkhaa - Jellied meat curry served cold. With a plate of Tawkhaa and a glass of wine by your side, who needs a festival?

Wo - Lentil flour patty with or without meat/egg topping. As a festival snack or an afternoon bite, nothing even comes close.

main dishes

Alo Tamao - Bamboo shoot and potato curry enlivened with a variety of spices and herbs.

Beans - A curry preparation of large and small beans to go with the main course of rice.

Dal - Lentil soup eaten with plain rice and one-third of the famous dal-bhat-tarkari combination. Popular lentils are the black, green and yellow varieties.

Green Vegetables - Spinach, mustard greens or broad-leaved mustard. A standard accompaniment to plain rice for lunch or dinner.

Meat Curries - Curried meat with lots of spices and gravy served with the main course of rice. Comes in buff, mutton, chicken or fish varieties.

Bhat (Plain Rice) - Good old boiled rice, the staple Nepalese nourishment and the central ingredient of the dal-bhat-tarkari diet.

Tarkari - vegetable curry in a rich spicy broth, the third element of the dal-bhat-tarkari staple meal.

relishes

Achar - A pickle to ‘‘brighten up your mouth". Can be made of ground tomatoes, sliced radish, ground coriander, boiled and diced potatoes and other ingredients.

Gundruk - Dried and fermented green vegetables. Legendary accompaniment to meals in the hills of Nepal.

Sanya Khuna - Jellied fish soup served cold. Spicy, hot and tangy. Terrific accompaniment to rice.

desserts

Juju Dhau - Delicious creamy curd from Bhaktapur, a must at all feasts. Juju Dhau literally means ‘‘king curd".

Sikarni - Yogurt preparation mixed with dried fruits. Sweet way to end dinner.

homemade drinks

Rakshi or Ayla is fire water distilled from rice. It is colorless and best drunk neat. Thon, the milky white juice of fermented rice, is the driving force behind many festivals in Kathmandu. The Tibetan version is called Chhyang. Tongba is a popular energizer in the hills. It is made by pouring hot water into a pot of fermented millet and drunk with a bamboo straw.

Would you like to provide ethnic Nepalese Cuisine Recipes on this page to help others learn more about Nepalese food? Submit Recipe.

2008-11-11T10:25:00.007+05:30

Newari Cuisine

Newar Cuisine is a type of cuisine developed over centuries by the Newars of Nepal. The Newar or Newah are the indigenous group of Nepals Kathmandu valley. ...
Contents

* 1 Types
o 1.1 Vegetarian
o 1.2 Nonvegetarian
o 1.3 Alcohol and derivatives
o 1.4 Beverages and Soups
o 1.5 Sweets

Types:

Vegetarian

* Baji (Beaten Rice)
* Jaa (Boiled Rice)
* Chataamari (rice flour crepe)
* Baaraa (lentil based fried "donuts"; spicy and salty)
* Waaunchha (greens)
* Paauncha (sour berry soup)
* Chasumicha (type of spinach)
* Bhuti (black-eyed peas)
* Dhau (yogurt)
* Puri (flattened bread)
* Kani (corn)
* Musya (soybeans)
* Alu achaar (spicy potato salad)
* Wo (lentil based flattened cake; spicy and salty)
* Kehn (boiled lentils)
* Quanti (nine bean soup)
* Guara Mari (Fried dough, similar to elephant ears)
* Tushi Achar (Spicy cucumber salad)
* Golbheda Achar (Spicy tomato salad)
* Laba (fried garlic greens)
* Phashi (pumpkin)

Baji(Nepal Bhasa: à¤¬à¤œà¤¿, Nepali: ) is a type of beaten rice eaten in Nepal. ... JAA is an abbreviation for: Japan Asia Airways the Joint Aviation Authorities of Europe This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Chataamari is a kind of rice crepe. ... Dhau Dhau (Nepal Bhasa:à¤§à¥Œ) is a type of curd prepared by Newars. ...
Nonvegetarian

The Newars are one of the rare ethnic groups of South Asia that eat water buffalo. The meat of water buffaloes is predominant in Newar Cuisine, but avoided by Pahari Hindus because of the similarity to beef, which is prohibited. For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... Selected ethnic groups of Nepal; Bhotia, Sherpa, Thakali Gurung Kiranti, Rai, Limbu Newari Pahari Tamang Pahari (or Pahaari) is a general terms for a range of dialects spoken across the Himalayan range, not limited to a single country in the subcontinent. ...

* Chwelaa (marinated and roasted meat)
* Kachilaa (marinated raw minced meat)
* Sanyaa (dried fish)
* Khen (egg)
* Sanyaakhuna (jellied fish soup)
* Takhaa (jellied buffalo soup)
* Dukula (goat meat)
* Henyla (duck)
* Khayula (chicken)
* Ja(n)la
* Momocha (potstickers,usually buffalo. There is also a sweet version made of solidified and sweetened cream )
* So-laa (battered and fried goat lung)
* Knyaa (fish)
* Sapumhichha (liquid bone marrow encased in stomach lining)
* Mee-kwa (fenugreek sprouts and small peas)
* Nhyapu (brains, usually fried)
* Meh(n) (boiled tongue, usually fried)
* Cho-hi (steamed buffalo blood with marrow and spices)
* Pukala ( fried meat )
* Sukula ( dried meat,jerky )
* Kwa Ghasa ( thick broth from leftover meats and vegetables;has a distinct smell and taste)

Chwelaa is a special type of water buffalo delicacy of Newars. ... Kachilaa is a special meat delicacy of Newars, consisting of marinated raw minced water buffalo meat. ... Sanyaa is a special type of dried fish prepared by the Newars. ...
Alcohol and derivatives

* Ayelaa (Hard liquor most commonly made out of rice. High alcohol content)
* Thwon (Rice Beer; very sweet to sour in taste)
* Hyaun Thwon (similar to red wine; light)

Thwon (Nepal Bhasa:à¤¥à¥�à¤µà¤‚) is a type of alcoholic beverage. ...
Beverages and Soups

* La (water)
* Duru (milk)
* Ken ( Lentils; black, yellow and red)
* Lai Kwa
* Pau Kwa
* Mee Kwa
* Chhon (Spicy Bamboo soup)

Sweets

* Anarsaa
* Ayantha-mari
* Barfi
* Jeri
* Laddu
* Lakhamari
* Lalmohan
* Maalpuwaa
* Nimki
* Rasbhari
* Roth
* Sel
* Swaari
* Haluwa
* Puri
* Pyara
* Khajuri
* Gundpakh

2008-11-11T10:10:00.002+05:30

Nepal Sambat

Nepal Sambat (Nepal Bhasa: नेपाल सम्बत) is a lunar calendar. It was initiated by Sankhar Sakhwa to commemorate the pay back of all the debts of Nepalese people. Newari redirects here. ... For other uses, see Debt (disambiguation). ...

Description

This is a lunar calendar. It consists of 354 days per year and an added one month every third year.¹

History

This calendar was the national calendar of Nepal in Malla and early Shah era. It was replaced by Bikram Sambat as the national calendar. However, the calendar is still in use owing to the fact that most of the Nepalese festival s are celebrated according to the calendar. Bikram Sambat (abbreviated B.S.) is the official calendar of Nepal. ... The 2006 Sinulog festival in the Philippines Renaissance festival A festival or fest is an event, usually staged by a local community, which centers on some theme, sometimes on some unique aspect of the community. ...

Invention

According to local legends, a citizen of Kathmandu named Sankhadhar Sakhwa paid off the debts of all the people in Nepal. To commemorate the event, a new era was established.

Months of the year

The months of the year are² :-

Devanagari Roman script Corresponding Gregorian month
कछला Kachha lā November
थिंला Thin lā December
पोहेला Pohe lā January
सिल्ला Sil lā February
चिल्ला Chil lā March
चौला Chau lā April
बछला Bachha lā May
तछला Tachha lā June
दिल्ला Dil lā July
गुंला Goon lā August
ञला Yen lā September
कौला Kau lā October

2008-11-11T09:53:00.001+05:30

Background

Every nationality has its own culture. The same culture helps that nationality to adjust in the society. Nepal is a sacred land, a mosaic of different cultures. The country is mainly a meeting point of two main religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. Apart from this, Buddhism occupies a most eminent position in Nepal. Buddhists have a great role in making Nepalese culture a glorious one. As Swayambhu Jyoti originated in the Kathmandu Valley, the civilisation of Nepal began from the Kathmandu Valley. After the emanation of Swayambhu Jyoti, Adi Buddhas and other Buddhas came to Nepal. Nepal is also universally known as the birthplace of Shakyamuni Buddha. Due to the influence of Buddhism, the people were increasingly attracted to the life and deeds of Tattagata Buddha and Bodhisattvas. With the popularity of Mahayana Buddhism, Bodhisattva Lokesvaras were conceived and their images were created in a large number. Due to the quality of Karuna (compassion) of Lokesvaras, they were also called Karunamaya. With the enhancement of the fame of Lokesvara, the number of Lokesvara pantheon increased to 108, and to 360.

The emergence of a large number of Lokesvaras was accompanied by the development of worship rituals, rituals of fasting and recitation of mantras. In this trend of development the Newar Buddhiss worshipped four prominent Lokesvaras. They are : Bungadyo or Lokanath of Patan, Adinath ( Anandadi Lokesvara) of Chovar, Kachapal parvat, Sristikanta Lokesvara of Nala, and Argyaavalokitesvara of Janbaha, Kathmandu. The worship of these Lokesvaras has continued since the ancient times. These Lokesvaras have their special virtues of their own. Sristikanta Lokesvara is known for the deed as creator. Bungadyo of Patan is known as harbinger of rain which is indispensable for growing foodgrains. Adinath Lokesvara of Chovar is known for the virtue of keeping away diseases and improving ane’s luck. And Janabahadyo is remembered for the virtue of prolonging longevity of one’s life. These four Lokesvaras are specially recognised in the Newar Buddhist culture.

As a mark of tribute to the fame of these four Lokesvaras, they are worshipped by all the Buddhist. Prayers are offered. Fasting is observed with piety and devotion. Thus, the Newar Buddhist culture has been kept alive. People perform religious activities for prolonging their lives, for attaining prosperity, for fulfilling their cherished desires and for success in life. It is for these reasons that the Newar Buddhists worship these four Lokesvaras by performing uposadhavrata every Ashtami in a month, by doing Saptavidhanutara satvapuja and by offering pate (parasol). The procession of these Lokesvaras is taken out every year by devotees with and fanfare. If the procession of Bungadyo and Chakvadyo of Patan and Janabahadyo of Kathmandu is taken out with the participation of a great number of people, Chovadyo and Nala Karunamaya are also taken out in procession. But in a different manner with mirth and jubilation.

These festivals demonstrate religious tolerance between Hindus and Buddhists as both the religious people take part in these festivals quite enthusiastically. But, nowadays no effort has been made to preserve and promote this cultural. There is foreign culture invasion against these native culture in the present time. Due to upheavals in political forces, inflow of foreign nationals, outflow of native people and due to economic problems, the time–hnoured culture is disappearing. An attempt has been made here to give a special highlight of Karunamaya Jatra of Patan which has been continuing since the ancient times and which has been given recognition by the nation as whole.

2 Origin of Lokesvara Jatra

A large number of Lokesvaras have appeared in the Pauranic history of Nepal. It is believed that Karunamaya Lokesvara came to earth for the elimination of the sufferings of all sentient beings and for the welfare of mankind. The ancient scripture Gunakarandayuha sutra has mentioned a out the origion of karanamaya. According to this, sutra, Karunamaya Lokesvara in the form of Mahabuddha orAdiduddha was considered to be a protector of the world.

It is not only in the Pawranic period but since the beginning of Nepal’s history, various kings conceived of Karunamayas. Kings who followed Buddhism erected the image of various Lokesvaras. Similarly, various festivab were created toeing. This line, Licchavi king Narendradeva brought Bungadyo (Lkanath) from Kamaru Kamarkshya (Assam) and established the jatra of Bungadyo. Similarly, the practice of taking the procession of Janabahadyo Chovadyo, and Nala Karunamaya was started. Most of the jatras (procession, festival) were discontinued. Some jatras continued to be observed with undiminished enthusiasm and mirth. Of all the jatras, the jatras of Karunamaya Lokesvara is prominent. By observing jatras, the Nepalese people demonstrated social and religious unity.

3. Karunamaya jatra

Among many Lokesvaras that emerged in Nepal, the place of Bungadyo who is also called Raktalokitesvara Karunamaya is of special importance. Bungadyo is still now worshipped as deliverer or benefactor of mankind or giver of rain.

Bungadyo was brought to Nepal from Assam by King Narendradeva, Tantrik Bandhudatta Acharya, Rathchakra Lalit and Karkotak Naga. The procession of this Bodhisattva is taken in a chariot every year after doing the ritual of Nhawan (ritual bath). Separate guthis were created for this Karunamaya jatra Another special attraction of Bungadyo Jatra is the demonstration of Bhoto (vest made of preeious jewels) in which even the King of Nepal takes part. Every 12 year Bungadyo is taken to Patan from Bunga by crossing the river. The Bungadyo jatra is especially connected with the Buddhist culture. First of all, a special musical instrument is played throughout the city of Patan to inform the coming of Bungadyo jatra. Bungadyo is worshipped and sutras are recited to propitiate the god of compassion for all. Guthiyars of various places recite verses and sutras in the name of a host of gods or demons. There are various trusts and income sources in the name of Bungadyo Jatra is observed in the form of a great festival.

While talking about Karunamaya, mention must be made of Chakawadyo Chakawadyo is called Minnath. Minnath is also called Jattadhari Lokesvara. Chakawadyo is a deity who liberated Triloka (earth, heaven and hell ). There is a story in Purana about Chakawadyo. This god was created round the time of Amsuvarma. There is a story which says that the festival of the chariot procession of Chakawadyo is taken before the chariot precession of Bungadyo Therefore, Chakawadyo is given importance equal to one given to Bungadyo.

Adinath Lokesvara of Chovar is one of the four Karunamayas of Nepal. Newars call Adinath Lokesvara in the name of Chovahadyo. The name Anandadi Lokesvara is given to Chovahadyo because this deity blesses the devotees with god health and mental peace. In the past, the charvot procession of Chovadyo is taken out every year. But now, only Nhawan Jatra is done by worshipping with auspicious silver- made Kalash (flask).

Among the four noted Karunamayas, Nala Karunamaya was one. He is also called Sristikanta Lokesvara. This Karunamaya is honoured as the creator of the world.

There is a story about the origin of this Karunamaya in Purana. One of the four Karunamayas was lost. Nala Karunamaya was found later. The festival of Nala Karunamaya started in 1935 A.D. Full Moon Day of Phalgun. On completion of this, procession of Nala Karunamaya is taken out by the ritual of Dasakarmavidhi (ten sacraments).

The most important four Karunamayas of Nepal is Aryaavalokitesvara of Janabaha, Kathmandu. He is also called Seto (White) Machhendranath. This Karunamaya is especially known and honoured as a deity capable of liberating all sentient beings. There are legends connected with Janabahadyo (local name of Seto Machhendranath). It is said that an idol of vihar or bahal at Jamal, Kathmandu, was taken to Janbaha, and installed there. A great vihar was constructed there to install the idol. Later, it was called Kanakchaitya Mahavihar. Nhawan of Janbahadyo is observed Jon the Astami of Poush. Dasakarma vidhi is performed. Like Bungadyo, the chariot procession of Janabahadyo is taken out on Astami, Nawami and Dashmi of Chaitra to symbolise the travel to heaven, earth and hell. Hence, Janabahadyo has a special importance of its own.

Conclusion :

The festival of four Lokesvara Karunamayas who are capable of blessing energy indispensable for daily life is observed in Nepal with great faith and devotion. Vrata (fasting) is observed in 12 months to propitiate 12 Karunamayas. Mantra recitation is done in the name of 108 Karunamaya Lokesvaras and 360 Karunamayas. It is therefore evident that Karunamayas occupy a place of great importance in Buddhist literature.

In the context of Nepal, religion and culture are inseparable. Numerous festivals are observed for the preservation of temples, auspicious and sacred days. The only speciality of Buddhist culture is to do good to the entire mankind. But, it is sad to note that religious consciousness is on the wane. There is apathy towards culture. The practice of observing festivals, preserving guthis and rituals has declined due to financial weakness and negligence of the government. This is responsible for the decline of the traditional culture.

Culture is very important in the life of a Newar। Culture is an integral part from birth to death which can be seen in every activity of a Newar household. This culture is protecting the country with the development of culture and civilisation by observing the festivals of Karunamaya. Therefore, it is the responsibility of all to preserve such culture.

REFERENCE:(This is the summary of the paper presented in Newari during the 'Conference on the Buddhist Heritage of Nepal Mandal' in 1998.)

आहा गयऊँ साओं नेवा नस

2008-10-24T22:38:00.011+05:30

आलू तामा

बजी आलू एला

लपत्या बजी भ्वोय

तात्तातो मोमो पाक्दै

समे बजी

अंडा बारा

योमरी

नेवारी खानाहरू

2008-10-24T22:34:00.001+05:30

Newar Foods

Daily Food

Jyona(Lunch), Beli(Dinner). In jyno/beli there is usually boil rice, curry, pickle and daal (lentils).

Bhoye

It means party. A number of dishes are arranged in order.

Items of newari dishes

Yomari	:	It is made from rice flour and sweet molasses inside the rice flour.
Chatanmari	:	It is prepared from rice flour with minced meat and add egg also.
Wo	:	A kind of pan cake made from lentils.
Samay Baji	:	Includes bitten rice and soyabean.
Chhoyla	:	It is two types. Haku chhoyla and Mana chhlyla. One is roasted,another is boiled. These both are spicy.
Sukula	:	Dry meat
Tahkha	:	Jelly meat
Ken	:	Lentils.
Wauncha		Green vegetables curry.
Boobha	:	Bean curry. The verities of Beans. (Kegu Kwa, Simpu Kwa, Bhuti) etc.
La	:	It means Meat. The verities of meats. Pukula (Fried meat),Gorma (White jelly meat), Dayakula (Meat curry), swo (Lung Fried), Sapu Mhicha, Kachila.
Sanan	:	Hot and sour pickle.
Sanya Khuna	:	A jelly fish soup. It is soup of meat and add peast of dry fish (sanya).
Paun Kwa	:	Sour soup made from hug plum.

Dessert

Dhau

Curd.

Sweets

Pachinta Mari / Laakha Mari

It is made of wheat flour and suger.

Drinks

Thon	:	Thick wine.
Aila	:	Wine.

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2008-10-24T22:32:00.001+05:30

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2008-10-24T21:35:00.010+05:30

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2008-10-24T21:10:00.002+05:30

Newars' festivals start from Gathanmugah and ends in Sithi Nakhah. Therefore Gathan Mugah is also known as Kayahmacha Nakhah ( the son festival) and Sithi Nakhah is also known as Mhayamacha Nakhah (the daughter festival) in Newar culture. No festival is observed in between Sithinakhah and Gathan Mukhah as the farmers are busy in the their work at that time. The festivals celebrated by the Newars are related with their places and lives. Thus through the festivals observed by the Newars, one can know many things about them.

Gathan Mugah (August)
It is festival of cleaning. Since farmers are busy in farming in rainy season, they do not get time to clean their house and even take bath and wash their clothes.Thus as their work finish by Gathan Mugah, they take bath, wash their clothes and clean house in Gathan Mugah. On this very day, girls throw all their playing dolls. Every corner of a house is cleaned and incense is burnt to kill insects. Chahray angu (a ring made of metal alloys) is wore on this occasion. In evening, effigies of Gathan Mugah are made from green reeds. They are dragged out of the town and burnt there.

Gunla Dharma (August-September)
Gunla is a month according to Nepal Era, which falls in the middle of monsoon (August). This month is considered as holy Buddhist month. Day in day out , whatever the weather may be , devotees visit buddhist monasteries, courtyards and shrines every early morning by playing Gunla Bajan. Gunla Bajan includes Dhah and Naykhin accompanied by cymbals and shwam.

Gunhu Punhi (August- September)
Gunhu Punhi is one of the most significant festivals of the Newars which lasts for 9 days.
First day, known as Gunhu Punhi, the Newars drink broth consisting of spouted mixed cereals. Everyone gets doro, a protection cord tied in one's wrist from the brahmans. On this day, food is offered for the frogs in farms, which is known as Byanja Nakegu.
Saparu is the second day of Gunhu Punhi. On this day people, whose family member died in that year, dressed up as cows parade in the town. It is believed that cows help the departed soul to enter the heaven easily. Other remarkable thing is humor and satire presented on this day.
Last day of Gunhu Punhi is Krishnastami, birth anniversary of lord Krishna, an incarnation of lord Vishnu. Various dances in various parts of the valley are performed in between.

Pancha Dan (August-September)
Pancha Dan is observed by Buddhists only, especially by Shakyas and Bajracharyas. Buddhist antiques are displaced and gigantic effigies of Dipankar are parade around the town. However, the main highlight of the festival is the giving away of alms to Buddhist monks.

Yanya Punhi (September)
Yanya Punhi is dedicated to lord Indra, the king of heaven. This is a week long festival which begins after the erection of Yosin, a ceremonial pole. The main feature of this festival in Kathmandu is a week long display of gigantic mask of Aakash Bhairab and procession of Kumari, the living goddess along with other two living gods Ganesh and Kumar.

Mohani (October)
Mohani is observed for two weeks. It is observed with great joy. Barley seeds are planted on the first day which is known as Nahla Swanegu. It is nurtured for nine days. On the day of Astami, koochhi bhoya (a feast with two manas i.e. about half kilo of beaten rice) is eaten by gathering family members. On Nawami, (Syakotyako) Durga is worshipped with goats, cocks sacrificed. Nahlaswan i.e. the fresh shoot of barley is also offered. The concluding day of the festival, i.e. on Chalan, processions with scimitars takes place in various places o f the Newar settlements, which is commonly known as Payah.

Swanti (October-November)
Tihar, the festival of light lasts for five days. Swanti stands for Swanhu Ttithi which means three days in Nepalbhasa. Among five days of tihar three days are mainly celebrated. On the day of Laxmi puja, Laxmi, the goddess of wealth is worshipped and in the evening lights are burnt to invite Laxmi. Mhapuja is the day of worshiping one's body. This is the new year's day according to Nepal Era. Kija Puja , the last day of the swanti, is dedicated to brothers. Sisters worship their brothers on this day.

Sakimila Punhi (November- December)
Sakimila Punhi (Sakimana Punhi) or the full moon day of boiled arum is the festival of eating arum, sweet potato and fried grains. Halimali Bwayegu (exibiting figure designs of fried grains) with Dapha Bhajan or Dhalcha Bhajan (chanting religious hymns) takes place in the evening in every section of the settlements.

Bala Chahre (December)
This is the festival of scattering seeds (sadhbew) and praying for the souls of the departed in Pashupati, Kathmandu. In many places it is celabrated by gathering the members of Milah Guthi (a kind of social association) and banqueting together.

Yomari Punhi (December-January)
It is post harvest festival of worshipping the newly brought rice and Annapurna, the goddess of grains, for good harvest. Yomari Punhi lends its name from Yomari (a typical steamed cake of rice flour dough stuffed with a mixture of sesame and molasses), which is offered in Dhukoo (store room) and eaten on this day. In the evening kids go around the neighborhood to beg Yomari.

Ghayh Chaku Sanhlhu (January)
Also known as hamoh sanhlu, this festival is observed according to solar calendar. On this day, people take bath early in the morning and offer sugar candy, pills of sesame and molasses etc to their priests. They too eat yams, spinach, sweets of sesame and molasses to warm their body. People rub mustard oil over their bodies in the sun.

Swasthani Bakhan Kanegu (January-February)
In magh month, from mila punhi (full moon day- Jan) to seeh punhi (full moon day-Feb.) Swasthani Bakhan (Swasthani Story) is recited every evening for a month. it is believed that worshipping Swasthani brings happiness in life. There is a belief that Parbati succeed to get Mahadeva as her husband by worshiping Swasthani.

Shree Panchami (February)
Shree Panchami or Basanta Panchami is concerned in honor of Saraswati, Hindu goddess of learning. Artists, teachers, students gather at Saraswati temple in different places. Buddhists worship Manjushree on this day.

Sila Chahre (March)
There are 24 Shivaratris in a year, among which Sila Chahre is celebrated as Maha Shivaratri. Shiva is worshiped on this day. people take bath and fast on this day. People who stay awoken for the whole night get success in every works.

Holi Punhi (March-April)
Holi Punhi, the festival of color begins officially with the raising of huge ceremonial pole at the Basantapur of Kathmandu. Though celebrated for a week, holi punhi or (full moon day -march) is the main day. This festival is belived to be observed since the period of lord Krishna. People play with water and color and roam around the streets.

Pahan Chahre (April)
Pahan chare or Pasa Chare is specially observed in Kathmandu only. On this day, Mahadev in the form of Pisach (Lukumahadyah) is worshipped. Thus the festival is also known as Pisach Chaturdasi. Different palanquin circumambulation takes place in Kathmandu for a week.

Biskah Jatra (April)
The word 'Biskah' or 'B isket' is said to be derived from 'Bee Sikah', which means 'after death of serpents' . It is said that this festival was begun to celebrate after after the death of serpents, serpents described in various legends. Even though it is said so, from various chronicles, sacred writings, inscriptions and the culture of Bisket, it is known that it was not used in the sense of death of serpents. This festival is celebrated mainly in Bhaktapur and Thimi with Chariot festival, tongue boring festival and with music and dances in other parts of the valley as well.

Machhendra Nath Jatra (May-June)
There are two Machhendra nath festivals, namely Rato Machhendranath (Bunga dyah) Jatra and Seto Machhendranath (Janmah dyah) Jatra. The main features of these festivals are pulling of a huge four wheel chariot of Machhendranath. The former, observed in Lalitpur, starts from Pulchowk and ends in Jawahlakhel, where ritual display of legendary vest (bhoto) takes place. It is observed for a month. The later, observed in Kathmandu, starts from Tindhara and ends in Lagan.

Swanya Punhi (May-June)
Budhha Jayanti- full moon day April/may is the day of birth, attainment of enlightenment and death of Lord Budhha, the light of Asia. On this day worship of Budhha takes places in Buddhist monasteries and specially in Swambhu Stupa of Kathmandu.

Sithi Nakhah (June)
Sixth day of bright lunar fortnight is dedicated to Lord Kumar. This is the day when Kartikeya Kumar (Sithi Dyah) was born. On this day, people take bath and houses are cleaned. Wells and conduits are also cleaned on this day, this is also the day of eating Chatamari- a typical rice flour bread and Wo- a flat cake of mashed lentils. It is the last festival of a year that the Newars observe.

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2008-10-03T23:35:00.005+05:30

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2008-10-01T23:03:00.002+05:30

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